Notes on AI, data, quantum and nanoscience explained three times: for newbies, for the halfway there and for the technical crowd. With a jester asking the dumb questions.https://kingofdumbs.com/enhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-change/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-change/Derivatives and integrals with no sums to do: d/dt is the rate of change, ∂ changes one thing, ∇ points uphill and ∫ adds up slivers. With a car that speeds up.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-compare/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-compare/The comparison signs school skips: ≈, ~, ≤, ≥, ≠, ≪, ≫, ≡ and the absolute value |x|. A short cheat sheet, with a widget that tells you which ones hold.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-delta/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-delta/Δ means “how much it changed”, and the small letters underneath are labels. A short cheat sheet for reading ΔT, Eₐ or ΔᵣH° without fear, with a widget to try.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-dot-arrows/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-dot-arrows/The dot · that multiplies (or is a dot product), the arrow → of reactions and of “tends to”, and the double ⇒. A cheat sheet with formulas that read themselves.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-greek/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-greek/The Greek letters in the lessons, how to say them and what each means where it appears, because the same letter changes jobs. With a deck to practise.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-powers-logs/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-powers-logs/Negative exponents, units like J/(mol·K), the number e, logarithms, the floor ⌊x⌋ and superscripts that aren't powers. A short cheat sheet with a slider.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-sigma/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-sigma/Σ is an order: add up everything in the list. A short cheat sheet for reading Σ, xᵢ, the mean x̄ and the product Π with secondary-school maths, plus a list to add up.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-vectors/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/symbols-vectors/The norm ‖x‖ (the length of an arrow), the transpose xᵀ, “belongs to” ∈ and the number sets ℝ and ℤ. A short cheat sheet with an arrow you can stretch.Sun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/vectors-and-matrices/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/vectors-and-matrices/A photo is millions of numbers, and almost everything AI does with it is multiply and add. Vectors, the dot product and matrices at three levels, with two widgets.Sat, 17 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/chemical-reactions-energy/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/chemical-reactions-energy/Breaking bonds costs energy and making them pays it back, but almost no reaction starts without climbing a hill. Why diamond lasts and water works as a battery.Fri, 16 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/atoms-and-elements/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/atoms-and-elements/Protons, neutrons and electrons, elements and isotopes, diamond versus graphite and the mole, explained with building blocks, in three levels.Thu, 15 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/conservation-laws/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/conservation-laws/Mass, energy and charge are never created or destroyed: they change form. Lavoisier, a slide, a balloon and E = mc², with two widgets, in three levels.Thu, 15 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/floating-point/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/floating-point/0.1 doesn't fit in binary, so the computer rounds it. What floating point is, why the error adds up and what AI and money use. In three levels, with a widget.Thu, 15 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/huge-numbers/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/huge-numbers/Scientific notation, SI prefixes from kilo to quetta, orders of magnitude, log scales and Fermi estimates, explained with grains of sand, in three levels.Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/joules-watts-or-calories/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/joules-watts-or-calories/Energy is how much; power is how fast. Joules, watts, kcal and kWh explained with a bathtub, why fast means hot and how to compare scales, in three levels.Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/mixture-of-experts-moe-explained/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/mixture-of-experts-moe-explained/DeepSeek-V4-Pro has 1.6 trillion parameters and uses 49 billion per word. How an MoE works, what it costs, and when a dense model is the better call.Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTNewshttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/mixture-of-experts-moe-myths/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/mixture-of-experts-moe-myths/They don't know medicine and they aren't eight glued-together models. Six Mixture of Experts myths, debunked with what Mixtral, OpenMoE and others measured.Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTNewshttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/logistic-regression-or-neural-network/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/lessons/logistic-regression-or-neural-network/A logistic regression is a neural network with a single neuron. What deep learning adds, when it pays off and when the classic model is enough, at three levels.Sun, 04 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTLessonhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/fullmetal-alchemist-alchemy-real-physics/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/fullmetal-alchemist-alchemy-real-physics/Earth walls, steel spears, gold and people: what each FMA transmutation would cost with real physics, what exists today and why the real problem is time.Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTScience of fictionhttps://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/why-king-of-dumbs-exists/https://kingofdumbs.com/en/blog/why-king-of-dumbs-exists/What this site is, why every lesson is explained three times, who the jester keeping you company is, and what's coming: AI, data, quantum and nanoscience.Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMTJournal